MAXIMIZING VALUE FOR ALL STAKEHOLDERS WHILE GIVING BACK VALUE TO SOCIETY
TOKYO, Jan. 6, 2023 /PRNewswire/ — Primarily based on hhc (human well being care) idea, our company philosophy, Eisai is dedicated to enhance sufferers well being outcomes and high quality of life, simplify care supply, enhance well being system effectivity and spur future investments in Alzheimer’s illness (AD). We contemplate a holistic method in assessing worth and making choices which will have an effect on affected person entry, in order that our LEQEMBI pricing method can maximize worth for all stakeholders (sufferers, households, caregivers, healthcare suppliers, payers, workers and shareholders). This method contains medical consequence assessments of our medicines and the advantages we ship to sufferers, their households and caregivers because the “medical worth,” in addition to the projected “social worth” that assist enhance sufferers’ and caregivers’ high quality of life and productiveness. Furthermore, we assess the simulated affect of our medicines on lowering demand for well being providers and world burden of illness as potential “financial worth” whereas enhancing additional improvements in AD.
Social Influence of AD within the U.S.
Based on the Alzheimer’s Affiliation’s “2022 Alzheimer’s Illness Details and Figures”1, an estimated 6.5 million Individuals aged 65 and older live with dementia as a result of AD (i.e., gentle, reasonable and extreme dementia levels of AD). AD was formally listed because the sixth-leading explanation for loss of life within the U.S. in 2019 and the seventh-leading explanation for loss of life in 2020 and 2021. It’s a power, progressive, disabling and deadly illness. Based on one other report from the Alzheimer’s Affiliation, “Altering the Trajectory of Alzheimer’s Illness: How a Remedy by 2025 Saves Lives and {Dollars}”2, the full prices of care within the U.S. from all payers (i.e., Medicare, Medicaid, out-of-pocket and different payers), would enhance from $267 Billion in 2020 to $451 Billion in 2030 if no therapy exists to delay the illness.
A latest 2022 examine, “Projecting the Lengthy-term Societal Values of Illness-Modifying Remedy for Alzheimer’s Illness in america“3, quoted as many as 10 to 14 million Individuals dwelling with MCI (Delicate Cognitive Impairment) of any etiology, the very gentle symptomatic stage earlier than onset of dementia levels, through which 55% have AD because the underlying pathology. On this examine, the lifetime worth of a disease-modifying therapy in Early AD (MCI as a result of AD and gentle dementia stage of AD) from a U.S. societal perspective assuming a therapy impact of 30% relative decline in development charges from MCI to gentle dementia and from gentle to reasonable dementia was estimated at $134,418 per particular person.
Worth of LEQEMBI Adoption to U.S. Society
LEQEMBI is indicated for the therapy of AD, and therapy with LEQEMBI ought to be initiated in sufferers with MCI or gentle dementia stage of AD after affirmation of amyloid beta pathology (Early AD). Within the U.S., we estimate that the identified eligible Early AD inhabitants will attain roughly 100,000 people by yr 3 representing a measured preliminary attainment in the true world and can enhance progressively over the mid-to-long time period given the time required to advance new screening and diagnostic applied sciences equivalent to blood-based biomarkers to substantiate amyloid beta pathology.
Revealed findings in a peer-reviewed journal4 from the confirmatory Section 3 Readability AD examine in sufferers with Early AD show that LEQEMBI therapy resulted in much less decline on measures of cognition and performance than placebo at 18 months (27% slowing over 18 months measured by CDR-SB*) and was related to antagonistic occasions that had been inside expectation. Readability AD outcomes had been in keeping with that from the Section 2 trial (Research 201)5 that was the premise for the FDA’s accelerated approval and shall be submitted to the FDA very shortly for assessment for conventional approval.
LEQEMBI’s medical information present that it might assist sufferers keep cognition, protect actions of each day dwelling and keep purposeful means for longer, and subsequently, LEQEMBI’s medical efficacy might doubtlessly translate into impactful outcomes for these sufferers and their households. A simulation examine utilizing a longtime, validated illness mannequin referred to as Alzheimer’s illness Archimedes situation occasion (AD ACE),6,7,8 which is a person patient-level mannequin with a give attention to predicting the trajectory of cognitive decline and simulating the results of early interventions in AD, helped assess the potential lifetime worth and financial affect of LEQEMBI in sufferers with Early AD based mostly on medical trial populations and findings. The outcomes9,10 of this simulation examine based mostly on Research 201 of LEQEMBI had been printed in a peer-reviewed journal, and the mannequin has been just lately up to date with information from the Readability AD trial exhibiting constant outputs.
Per Affected person Societal Worth of LEQEMBI at $37,600 per 12 months within the U.S. by AD ACE Mannequin
Within the up to date AD ACE simulation examine utilizing Readability AD information, LEQEMBI therapy was projected to delay illness development, leading to a rise in affected person’s anticipated time in Early AD whereas lowering the time in additional superior extreme states. Slowing of medical decline in sufferers handled with LEQEMBI is estimated to delay illness development by almost 3 years on common (delay development primarily from MCI to gentle AD and from gentle to reasonable AD) in comparison with standard-of-care (SOC). LEQEMBI’s affect on the illness trajectory is then modeled into an annual per-patient worth to the U.S. society based mostly on 4 parts in line with the next equation: a) quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) positive factors in comparison with SOC; b) willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold; c) price offsets in comparison with SOC; and d) time on therapy, all in current worth time period. Observe that the prices, advantages and time on therapy should be adjusted for the values between current time and future occasions utilizing discounting in a well being financial analysis.
Annual per affected person worth =((QALY gained ×WTP threshold)+Price offsets)/Time on therapy
With regard to a) QALY positive factors, since well being is a operate of size of life and high quality of life, this measure combines each attributes into one single index, with one QALY acquire representing one further yr of an individual’s life at excellent well being. LEQEMBI therapy was predicted to supply an extra 0.64 QALYs in comparison with SOC for an Early AD affected person over lifetime by enhancing outcomes for each the affected person and caregiver. With regard to b) WTP threshold per QALY gained, conventionally, the WTP threshold is predicated on 1 to three occasions nation’s per capita gross home product (GDP). Within the U.S., because of this, a WTP threshold of $50,000 to $150,000 is referenced because the cost-effectiveness threshold11, however the next WTP threshold is usually thought of to account for the gravity of circumstances with larger burden, and interventions that exhibit wider societal advantages, equivalent to AD with substantial impacts on caregivers. A modified societal perspective at $200,000 WTP threshold per QALY gained is used within the U.S. when societal price of the illness is giant equivalent to AD. With regard to c) price offsets, avoidance of each direct medical/non-medical prices for AD administration, in addition to oblique prices of caregivers together with members of the family totaling $7,415 over the lifetime for every Early AD affected person, was predicted with LEQEMBI therapy in comparison with SOC. Direct prices comprise price of medicines, medical visits, hospitalizations, dwelling lodging and neighborhood providers for the sufferers. Oblique prices of caregivers, together with members of the family, contemplate the financial worth for hours spent on caregiving actions. With regard to: d) time on therapy, LEQEMBI was modeled to be stopped upon transition to reasonable AD dementia or worse. The common therapy length on this Early AD inhabitants was estimated to be roughly 3.6 years with consideration of discounting to current worth.
Taking all 4 parts collectively in current worth time period, for a) 0.64 QALYs gained b) at WTP threshold of $200,000 per QALY gained plus c) price offsets of $7,415 over d) 3.6 years on therapy, the yearly per-patient worth of LEQEMBI from a societal perspective was quantified at roughly $37,600.
$37,600=((0.64 ×$200,000)+$7,415)/3.6
This yearly estimate of $37,600 equals to roughly $135,000 (0.64 × $200,000 + $7,415) in lifetime worth per affected person to the U.S. society. Over 10 years cumulatively, the gradual adoption of LEQEMBI therapy amongst Early AD sufferers might doubtlessly generate optimistic social affect of a number of tens of billion {dollars} to the U.S. society, within the type of “medical worth” that assist sufferers delay their illness development, projected “social worth” that assist enhance sufferers’ and caregivers’ high quality of life and productiveness, and simulated “financial worth” that assist cut back demand for well being providers.
LEQEMBI U.S. Launch Pricing at $26,500 per 12 months
Whereas we estimate the per-patient-per-year worth of LEQEMBI therapy to the U.S. society to be $37,600, Eisai determined to cost LEQEMBI under quantified societal worth on the wholesale acquisition price (WAC) of $26,500 per yr (estimated annual value based mostly on 10mg/kg IV biweekly for common U.S. affected person weight of 75kg based mostly on Research 201 and Readability AD) aiming to advertise broader affected person entry, cut back total monetary burden, and help well being system sustainability. As such, the WAC for the 200mg vial is $254.81 and the WAC for the 500mg vial is $637.02. Precise annualized pricing could range by affected person. As well as, Eisai continues to pursue a much less frequent upkeep dosing routine for LEQEMBI, equivalent to month-to-month as an alternative of present biweekly routine, upon important amyloid beta clearance to forestall re-accumulation of amyloid beta biomarkers whereas sustaining medical efficacy. This might additional decrease the yearly price of LEQEMBI through the upkeep dosing section, for instance, from $26,500 to doubtlessly about half of this determine given much less quantity of medication.
Affected person Affordability
Eisai believes affected person affordability have to be a key consideration to advertise affected person entry and supposed use and advantages of LEQEMBI. Among the many eligible Early AD affected person inhabitants within the U.S., as soon as the affected person’s insurer covers LEQEMBI, we estimate that roughly 91% of people shall be coated by Medicare with Medigap (supplemental insurance coverage), Medicare Benefit (Medicare-approved plans from personal corporations with potential supplemental protection), Medicaid, and Business (personal insurance coverage12). For these sufferers, their out-of-pocket prices for LEQEMBI therapy might vary from $0 to a couple {dollars} per day. Remaining 9% of the people will fall into the class of Medicare with out supplemental insurance coverage, and therefore shall be answerable for 20% of the LEQEMBI price as co-insurance below Medicare Half B. For these sufferers, their estimated out-of-pocket prices for LEQEMBI on the value of $26,500 per yr will translate into about $14.50 per day13. Throughout the complete eligible Early AD affected person inhabitants, we estimate the weighted common out-of-pocket prices for LEQEMBI to be about $2 per day12.
Dedication to Affected person Entry
Eisai is dedicated to making sure that sure financially deprived sufferers have entry to LEQEMBI. Firstly, Eisai is establishing a Affected person Help Program, which can present LEQEMBI for free of charge, for eligible uninsured and underinsured sufferers, together with Medicare beneficiaries, who meet monetary want and different program standards. Secondly, Eisai will provide affected person help for enhancing entry via LEQEMBI Affected person Navigators, who will present details about accessing LEQEMBI, assist sufferers and their households perceive their insurance coverage protection and choices, and determine monetary help applications for eligible sufferers.
Well being System Sustainability
We imagine our pricing method for LEQEMBI would additionally assist enhance well being system sustainability, which is projected based mostly on acceptable use of LEQEMBI in eligible sufferers with Early AD to enhance affected person’s well being outcomes and high quality of life and cut back demand for well being providers and world burden of illness via altering illness trajectory. Moreover, we imagine our pricing method for LEQEMBI, coupled with the scale of the focused affected person inhabitants, shall be sustainable below historic progress and spending assumptions for Medicare Half B.
Giving Again Extra Than Half of LEQEMBI Worth to U.S. Society
The worth of LEQEMBI at a yearly price of $26,500 is $11,100 under the projected societal worth of $37,600, and a much less frequent upkeep dosing routine will additional decrease the yearly price nicely under the projected societal worth. Taking these financial savings in addition to reductions and rebates throughout the U.S. healthcare system into consideration, over 10 years cumulatively, the gradual adoption of LEQEMBI therapy at this pricing method might give again about 60% of the potential optimistic social affect of a number of tens of billion {dollars} to the U.S. society14. These assets might assist understand new improvements that improve the well being and high quality of life of people vulnerable to creating or dwelling with AD in addition to their households and caregivers. Then again, about 40% of the potential optimistic social affect of a number of tens of billion {dollars} shall be accrued by workers and shareholders within the type of product gross sales, from which we’re dedicated to re-invest in future analysis and growth to create new AD therapies and new improvements equivalent to establishing ecosystems towards inclusive AD communities14. We deeply imagine that our pricing method to maximise worth for all stakeholders will assist Eisai obtain social good within the type of relieving anxiousness over well being and lowering well being disparity in line with our company philosophy.
*Scientific Dementia Ranking Sum of Bins
Notes to Editors
INDICATION, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, AND IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION IN THE U.S.
INDICATION
LEQEMBI is indicated for the therapy of Alzheimer’s illness. Remedy with LEQEMBI ought to be initiated in sufferers with gentle cognitive impairment or gentle dementia stage of illness, the inhabitants through which therapy was initiated in medical trials. There aren’t any security or effectiveness information on initiating therapy at earlier or later levels of the illness than had been studied. This indication is accredited below accelerated approval based mostly on discount in amyloid beta plaques noticed in sufferers handled with LEQEMBI. Continued approval for this indication could also be contingent upon verification of medical profit in a confirmatory trial.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Amyloid Associated Imaging Abnormalities
- LEQEMBI could cause amyloid associated imaging abnormalities-edema (ARIA-E) and -hemosiderin deposition (ARIA-H). ARIA-E may be noticed on MRI as mind edema or sulcal effusions, and ARIA-H as microhemorrhage and superficial siderosis. ARIA is often asymptomatic, though critical and life-threatening occasions, together with seizure and standing epilepticus, hardly ever can happen. Reported signs related to ARIA could embody headache, confusion, visible modifications, dizziness, nausea, and gait problem. Focal neurologic deficits may happen. Signs related to ARIA often resolve over time.
ARIA Monitoring and Dose Administration Tips
- Receive latest (inside one yr) mind magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) previous to initiating therapy with LEQEMBI. Receive an MRI previous to the fifth, seventh, and 14th infusions.
- Suggestions for dosing in sufferers with ARIA-E and ARIA-H rely on medical signs and radiographic severity. Relying on ARIA severity, use medical judgment in contemplating whether or not to proceed dosing, briefly discontinue therapy, or completely discontinue LEQEMBI.
- Enhanced medical vigilance for ARIA is really helpful through the first 14 weeks of therapy with LEQEMBI. If a affected person experiences signs suggestive of ARIA, medical analysis ought to be carried out, together with MRI if indicated. If ARIA is noticed on MRI, cautious medical analysis ought to be carried out previous to persevering with therapy.
- There isn’t any expertise in sufferers who continued dosing via symptomatic ARIA-E or via asymptomatic, however radiographically extreme, ARIA-E. There’s restricted expertise in sufferers who continued dosing via asymptomatic however radiographically gentle to reasonable ARIA-E. There are restricted information in dosing sufferers who skilled recurrent ARIA-E.
Incidence of ARIA
- In Research 1 (Research 201), symptomatic ARIA occurred in 3% (5/161) of LEQEMBI-treated sufferers. Scientific signs related to ARIA resolved in 80% of sufferers through the interval of remark.
- Together with asymptomatic instances, ARIA was noticed in LEQEMBI: 12% (20/161); placebo: 5% (13/245). ARIA-E was noticed in LEQEMBI: 10% (16/161); placebo: 1% (2/245). ARIA-H was noticed in LEQEMBI: 6% (10/161); placebo: 5% (12/245). There was no enhance in remoted ARIA-H for LEQEMBI in comparison with placebo.
- Intracerebral hemorrhage >1 cm in diameter was reported after one therapy in LEQEMBI: 1 affected person; placebo: zero sufferers. Occasions of intracerebral hemorrhage, together with deadly occasions, in sufferers taking LEQEMBI have additionally been reported in different research.
Apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) Provider Standing and Danger of ARIA
- In Research 1, 6% (10/161) of sufferers within the LEQEMBI group had been ApoE ε4 homozygotes, 24% (39/161) had been heterozygotes, and 70% (112/161) had been noncarriers.
- The incidence of ARIA was larger in ApoE ε4 homozygotes than in heterozygotes and noncarriers amongst sufferers handled with LEQEMBI. Of the 5 LEQEMBI-treated sufferers who had symptomatic ARIA, 4 had been ApoE ε4 homozygotes, 2 of whom skilled extreme signs. An elevated incidence of symptomatic and total ARIA in ApoE ε4 homozygotes in comparison with heterozygotes and noncarriers in LEQEMBI-treated sufferers has been reported in different research.
- The suggestions on administration of ARIA don’t differ between ApoE ε4 carriers and noncarriers.
- Take into account testing for ApoE ε4 standing to tell the danger of creating ARIA when deciding to provoke therapy with LEQEMBI.
Radiographic Findings
- The vast majority of ARIA-E radiographic occasions occurred early in therapy (throughout the first 7 doses), though ARIA can happen at any time and sufferers can have greater than 1 episode. The utmost radiographic severity of ARIA-E in sufferers handled with LEQEMBI was gentle in 4% (7/161) of sufferers, reasonable in 4% (7/161) of sufferers, and extreme in 1% (2/161) of sufferers. Decision on MRI occurred in 62% of ARIA-E sufferers by 12 weeks, 81% by 21 weeks, and 94% total after detection. The utmost radiographic severity of ARIA-H microhemorrhage in sufferers handled with LEQEMBI was gentle in 4% (7/161) of sufferers and extreme in 1% (2/161) of sufferers; 1 of the ten sufferers with ARIA-H had gentle superficial siderosis.
Concomitant Antithrombotic Medicine and Different Danger Elements for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
- Sufferers had been excluded from enrollment in Research 1 for baseline use of anticoagulant drugs. Antiplatelet drugs equivalent to aspirin and clopidogrel had been allowed. If anticoagulant medicine was used due to intercurrent medical occasions that required therapy for ≤4 weeks, therapy with LEQEMBI was to be briefly suspended.
- Most exposures to antithrombotic drugs had been to aspirin; few sufferers had been uncovered to different antiplatelet medicine or anticoagulants, limiting any significant conclusions in regards to the threat of ARIA or intracerebral hemorrhage in sufferers taking different antiplatelet medicine or anticoagulants. As a result of intracerebral hemorrhages >1 cm in diameter have been noticed in sufferers taking LEQEMBI, further warning ought to be exercised when contemplating the administration of antithrombotics or a thrombolytic agent (e.g., tissue plasminogen activator) to a affected person already being handled with LEQEMBI.
- Sufferers had been excluded from enrollment in Research 1 for the next threat components for intracerebral hemorrhage: prior cerebral hemorrhage >1 cm in best diameter, greater than 4 microhemorrhages, superficial siderosis, proof of vasogenic edema, proof of cerebral contusion, aneurysm, vascular malformation, infective lesions, a number of lacunar infarcts or stroke involving a serious vascular territory, and extreme small vessel or white matter illness. Warning ought to be exercised when contemplating using LEQEMBI in sufferers with these threat components.
Infusion-Associated Reactions
- Infusion-related reactions had been noticed in LEQEMBI: 20% (32/161); placebo: 3% (8/245); and the vast majority of instances in LEQEMBI-treated sufferers (88%, 28/32) occurred with the primary infusion. All infusion-related reactions had been gentle (56%) or reasonable (44%) in severity. Infusion-related reactions resulted in discontinuations in 2% (4/161) of sufferers handled with LEQEMBI. Signs of infusion-related reactions included fever and flu-like signs (chills, generalized aches, feeling shaky, and joint ache), nausea, vomiting, hypotension, hypertension, and oxygen desaturation.
- After the primary infusion, 38% of LEQEMBI-treated sufferers had transient decreased lymphocyte counts to <0.9 x109/L in comparison with 2% on placebo, and 22% of LEQEMBI-treated sufferers had transient elevated neutrophil counts to >7.9 x109/L in comparison with 1% on placebo.
- Within the occasion of an infusion-related response, the infusion fee could also be decreased, or the infusion could also be discontinued, and acceptable remedy initiated as clinically indicated. Prophylactic therapy with antihistamines, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine, or corticosteroids previous to future infusions could also be thought of.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
- In Research 1, 15% of LEQEMBI-treated sufferers, in comparison with 6% of placebo-treated sufferers, stopped examine therapy due to an antagonistic response. The most typical antagonistic response resulting in discontinuation of LEQEMBI was infusion-related reactions that led to discontinuation in 2% (4/161) of sufferers handled with LEQEMBI in comparison with 1% (2/245) of sufferers on placebo.
- The most typical antagonistic reactions reported in ≥5% of sufferers handled with LEQEMBI (N=161) and ≥2% larger than placebo (N=245) in Research 1 had been infusion-related reactions (LEQEMBI: 20%; placebo: 3%), headache (LEQEMBI: 14%; placebo: 10%), ARIA-E (LEQEMBI: 10%; placebo: 1%), cough (LEQEMBI: 9%; placebo: 5%), and diarrhea (LEQEMBI: 8%; placebo: 5%).
Please see full Prescribing Info.
1 Alzheimer’s Affiliation, 2022 Alzheimer’s Illness Details and Figures
https://www.alz.org/media/Paperwork/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf
2 Alzheimer’s Affiliation, Altering the Trajectory of Alzheimer’s Illness
https://www.alz.org/media/paperwork/changing-the-trajectory-r.pdf
3 Prados M, et al. Projecting the lengthy–time period societal worth of a illness–modifying therapy for Alzheimer’s illness in america. Alzheimers Dement. 2022; 18(1):142-151. doi: 10.1002/alz.12578.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9303743/
4 van Dyck. C, et al. Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Illness. The New England Journal of Drugs. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212948. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2212948
5 Swanson CJ, et al. A randomized, double-blind, section 2b proof-of-concept medical trial in early Alzheimer’s illness with lecanemab, an anti-Aβ protofibril antibody
https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-021-00813-8
6 Kansal AR, Tafazzoli A, Ishak KJ, Krotneva S. Alzheimer’s illness Archimedes condition-event simulator: Improvement and validation. Alzheimers Dement (NY). 2018;4:76-88. Revealed 2018 Feb 16. doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.01.001
7 Tafazzoli A, and Kansal A. Illness simulation in drug growth, Exterior validation confirms profit in determination making. The Proof Discussion board. 2018.
https://www.evidera.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/07-Illness-Simulation-in-Drug-Development_Fall2018.pdf
8 Tafazzoli A, Weng J, Sutton Okay, et al. Validating simulated cognition trajectories based mostly on ADNI towards 436 trajectories from the Nationwide Alzheimer’s Coordinating Heart (NACC) dataset. eleventh version of Scientific Trials on 437 Alzheimer’s Illness (CTAD); Barcelona, Spain: 2018.
9 Tahami Monfared AA, et al. Lengthy-term well being outcomes of lecanemab in sufferers with early Alzheimer’s illness utilizing simulation modeling. Neurol Ther. 2022;11:863–880.
https://hyperlink.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40120-022-00350-y
10 Tahami Monfared AA, et al. The Potential Financial Worth of Lecanemab in Sufferers with Early Alzheimer’s Illness Utilizing Simulation Modeling, Neurol Ther. 2022;11: 1285–1307.
https://hyperlink.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40120-022-00373-5
11 ICER Worth Framework 2020-2023. 2022.
https://icer.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/ICER_2020_2023_VAF_02032022.pdf
12 IQVIA. Longitudinal Entry and Adjudication DATA (LAAD) 2019-2021
13 20% of the WAC value ($26,500) divided by 365 (days)
14 Inside Eisai calculations, December 2022
Protected Harbor Assertion
Supplies and data offered on this announcement could comprise so-called “forward-looking statements.” These statements are based mostly on present expectations, forecasts and assumptions which might be topic to dangers and uncertainties that might trigger precise outcomes and outcomes to vary materially from these statements.
Dangers and uncertainties embody normal business and market circumstances, and normal home and worldwide financial circumstances equivalent to rate of interest and forex alternate fluctuations. Dangers and uncertainties notably apply with respect to product-related forward-looking statements. Product dangers and uncertainties embody, however aren’t restricted to, technological advances and patents attained by opponents; challenges inherent in new product growth, together with completion of medical trials; claims and issues about product security and efficacy; regulatory company examination durations and acquiring regulatory approvals; home and overseas healthcare reforms; tendencies towards managed care and healthcare price containment; and governmental legal guidelines and laws affecting home and overseas operations.
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CONTACT: Libby Holman, 201-753-1945, [email protected]
SOURCE Eisai Inc.